{"id":389,"date":"2013-04-30T12:56:00","date_gmt":"2013-04-30T16:56:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-11-30T15:51:16","modified_gmt":"2015-11-30T20:51:16","slug":"%e8%af%86%e5%88%ab%e7%a0%81%e7%9a%84%e8%a6%81%e4%b9%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/?p=389","title":{"rendered":"\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u7684\u8981\u4e49"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-389\"  class=\"panel-layout\" >\n<div id=\"pg-389-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" >\n<div id=\"pgc-389-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" >\n<div id=\"panel-389-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\" >\n<div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><\/p>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/CAST.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587\u7248<\/a>: <a href=\"http:\/\/isd.eller.arizona.edu\/castusa\/mag\/OS2013bigdata.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\u300a\u6d77\u5916\u5b66\u4eba\u300b2013\u5e74 &#8211; \u5927\u6570\u636e\u4e13\u520a<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>This blog is a simplified Chinese translation of my blog on <a href=\"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/?p=390\" target=\"_blank\">The Essentials of Identification Codes<\/a>. Published version in <a href=\"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/CAST.pdf\">Chinese Association for Science and Techonology special edition on Big Data<\/a>.<\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u627f\u8bfa\u5c06\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u4f17\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u4eab\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5173\u8054\u548c\u6574\u5408\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u51cf\u5c11\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6781\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u5b83\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5b9e\u9645\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u89e3\u653e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5a01\u529b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5b83\u4ea6\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5931\u7075\u3001\u8bef\u7528\u548c\u6ee5\u7528\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u6b3a\u8bc8\u53ca\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5143\u51f6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u548c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u6709\u6548\u548c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/h4><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5728\u5b66\u751f\u5165\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u6863\u6848\u5b58\u50a8\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7b49\u3002\u5f53\u5b66\u751f\u9009\u4fee\u4e00\u95e8\u8bfe\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u7ee9\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5979\u7684\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u5e76\u4e14\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5feb\u7167\u201d\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7d2f\u79ef\u6210\u4e3a\u884c\u653f\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7eb5\u5411\u201c\u5feb\u7167\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5f53\u5b66\u751f\u8fdb\u5165\u5de5\u4f5c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5979\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u88ab\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u5979\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5979\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u53ca\u5de5\u4f5c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u5de5\u8d44\u53ca\u664b\u5347\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4fdd\u9669\u548c\u7a0e\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u6570\u989d\uff0c\u5c31\u3001\u5931\u4e1a\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u6536\u96c6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\uff1a\u6700\u521d\u6ce8\u518c\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6536\u652f\u8d22\u653f\u72b6\u51b5\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e02\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6536\u8d2d\u6216\u8005\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u53f8\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u6240\u7f34\u7a0e\u8d39\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u589e\u957f\u548c\u96c7\u5458\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6269\u589e\u6216\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5012\u95ed\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u653f\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fc7\u53bb\u88ab\u5c01\u5b58\u4e8e\u6ee1\u8eab\u5c18\u57c3\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u67dc\u91cc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5343\u79a7\u5e74\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u5927\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u90fd\u5df2\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u6570\u636e\u53ca\u65f6\u548c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6574\u5408\u5c06\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u6240\u5b66\u6821\u8fd0\u4f5c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7387\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u6574\u5408\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b83\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u548c\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c31\u662f21\u4e16\u7eaa\u5927\u6570\u636e\u627f\u8bfa\u5c06\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4ece\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u5230\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e2d\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7406\u53ca\u5927\u4f17\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u4eab\u3002 <\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5173\u8054\u548c\u6574\u5408\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u51cf\u5c11\u6536\u96c6\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6781\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u5b83\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u7684\u8981\u4e49\u662f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5b9e\u9645\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6574\u5408\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u51fa\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u667a\u6167\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u521b\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b<\/span><\/strong><\/h4><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u4f8b\u5982\u7eb8\u8d28\u8868\u683c\u8fd8\u672a\u88ab\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u540d\u6216\u8005\u516c\u53f8\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u88ab\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6574\u5408\u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u7b14\u753b\uff0c\u6216\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u5f0a\u7aef\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u552f\u4e00\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u7535\u8111\u5927\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f0a\u7aef\u5c24\u5176\u660e\u663e\u3002\u636e2006\u5e74\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u674e\u3001\u738b\u3001\u5f20\u3001\u5218\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u59d3\u6c0f\u5360\u4e863.34\u4ebf\u4eba\u53e3[1]\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u603b\u6570\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7e41\u4f53\u548c\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5206\u522b\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\uff08Robert\uff09\u6709\u81f3\u5c11\u4e03\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1aBert, Bo, Bob, Bobby, Rob, Robbie, \u4ee5\u53caRobby\uff0c\u5b83\u57282011\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u7537\u6027\u4eba\u540d\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6392\u7b2c61\u4f4d[2,3]\uff0c\u800cBert\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u82f1\u6587\u540dAlbert\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u53c8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u6539\u540d\u5b57\u6216\u8005\u6709\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff1b\u5973\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7ed3\u5a5a\u540e\u6539\u540d\u3002\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u8de8\u56fd\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u540d\u5b57\u66f4\u662f\u7279\u522b\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5728\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4f1a\u88ab\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u91cd\u540d\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5305\u62ec\u5b83\u7684\u5546\u6807\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u5730\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u4f46\u516c\u53f8\u4ecd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b83\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u80a1\u7968\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u88ab\u6536\u8d2d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53d8\u66f4\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u54c1\u724c\u3002 <\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u975e\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u5408\u5e76\u6570\u636e\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u589e\u52a0\u8f85\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u548c\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u53bb\u9664\u9519\u8bef\u914d\u5bf9\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26(\u5b57\u6bcd\u6570\u5b57)\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u6765\u7ec4\u6210\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u65bc\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u5408\u5e76\u7535\u5b50\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7eaf\u6570\u5b57\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u6bcd\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u7cfb\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u975e\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u7cfb\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u660e\u767d\u6216\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b57\u6bcd\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u5bb9\u6613\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u57281935\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u6848\u65f6\uff0c\u5c65\u884c\u6cd5\u6848\u9047\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u5c31\u662f\u521b\u9020\u5982\u4f55\u201d\u6c38\u4e45\u8bc6\u522b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6709\u201d\u4ee5\u540e\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u548c\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u8bc6\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u589e\u957f\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u201d[4]\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u4f4d\u5b57\u6bcd\u6570\u5b57\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u5148\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u7edf\u8ba1\u673a\u6784\u3001\u52b3\u5de5\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u6362\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u673a\u5668\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u6df1\u8fdc\u5730\u6620\u54cd[\u653f\u5e9c] \u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fb5\u5146[4,5] \u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u524d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u8fd8\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4e00\u8f86\u8f66\uff0c\u4e00\u5f20\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\uff0c\u4e00\u7bb1\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u7bb1\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u6761\u7535\u5b50\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\uff0c\u6216\u4e0d\u80fd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb0\u5f55\u9023\u63a5\uff0c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u79f0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u6216\u8005\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u65e0\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u3002\u4ece21\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u201c\u65e0\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u6570\u636e\u6bd4\u6709\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u7387\u591a\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u6bd4\u6709\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u542b\u8f83\u5c11\u4fe1\u606f\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u96be\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u5f97\u5230\u540e\u7eed\u3001\u8fde\u8d2f\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u5c06\u662f\u53d1\u6325\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5de8\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u8bc6\u522b\u7801<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5339\u914d\u548c\u5408\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u540c\u65f6\u4e92\u65a5\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7a77\u5c3d\uff0c\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u5b9e\u4f53\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5ef6\u751f\u5230\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f4\u63a5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5339\u914d\u53ca\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u9650\u6269\u589e\u5b9e\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u533f\u540d\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u8eab\u4efd<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\"><strong>\u3002<\/strong> \u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u533f\u540d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4e3a\u8eab\u4efd\u4fdd\u62a4\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b2c\u4e00\u9053\u9632\u7ebf\u3002\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u63a5\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u4f2a\u9020\u53ca\u76d7\u7528\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5371\u9669\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e5f\u5728\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5b83\u8d77\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u57fa\u672c\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u4ece\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u8005\u662f\u603b\u7ed3\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u201c\u5143\u6570\u636e\u201d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55[6,7]\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u6269\u5c55\u5b83\u4eec\u8de8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u521d\u90e8\u8d28\u91cf\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u65e0\u610f\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u9519\u8bef\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8f6c\u5f55\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u6574\u4f53\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u9020\u6210\u7834\u574f\u3002\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6216\u6076\u610f\u6539\u53d8\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u4ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3002\u201c\u6548\u9a8c\u7801\u201d[8,9]\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u4f7f\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u964d\u4f4e90%\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u6570\u636e\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u542b\u6709\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u4e30\u5bcc\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e2a\u4f53\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u53d8\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u505a\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u6240\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5b9a\u65f6\u6216\u5b9e\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u7eb5\u5411\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u5df2\u8d77\u6b65[10]\u3002Data Quality Campaign[11]\u5217\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u5dde\u9645\u8fde\u63a5\u5b66\u751f\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b66\u751f\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u201d\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u7f8e\u6559\u80b2\u7eb5\u5411\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bc6\u522b\u7801<\/span><\/strong><\/h4><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bc6\u522b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u521b\u7acb\u4e8e1936\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u8111\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8ffd\u8e2a\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u6536\u5165\u3002\u5728\u7535\u8111\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u52a3\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_787\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-787\" style=\"width: 193px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/SS1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-787\" src=\"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/SS1.jpg\" alt=\"\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u8bc1\" width=\"193\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-787\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u8bc1<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4e5d\u4f4d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u7531\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5730\u533a\u53f7\u7801\uff08\u4e09\u4f4d\uff09- \u6700\u521d\u662f\u53d1\u653e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u7533\u8bf7\u90ae\u5bc4\u5730\u5740\u7684\u90ae\u653f\u4ee3\u7801<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7ec4\u53f7\uff08\u4e24\u4f4d\uff09- \u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u96c6\u5408\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7cfb\u5217\u53f7\u7801\uff08\u56db\u4f4d\uff09- \u4ece0001\u52309999<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d[12]\u6536\u96c6\u4eba\u53e3\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u5730\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u56fd\u7c4d\uff0c\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\uff0c\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u548c\u90ae\u653f\u5730\u5740\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u8d1f\u8d23\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u7684\u53d1\u653e\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u88ab\u53d1\u653e\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u53d1\u653e\u3002\u4f46\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">1938\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u94b1\u5305\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\u663e\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u9002\u5408\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u5361\u6765\u4fc3\u9500\u5176\u5728\u767e\u8d27\u5546\u573a\u51fa\u552e\u7684\u94b1\u5305\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u5f20\u81ea\u5df1\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u5361[13]\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u6709\u56db\u4e07\u4eba\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u52301977\u5e74\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53f7\u7801\u505a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u81ea\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u79c1\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4ece1943\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u5efa\u7acb\u62e5\u6709\u6c38\u4e45\u8d26\u6237\u53f7\u7801\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf[5]\u3002\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u96c7\u5458\u548c\u4e2a\u4f53\u62a5\u7a0e\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u3002\u52301960\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u519b\u4eba\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u3002\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f53\u7535\u8111\u88ab\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u5f00\u8bbe\u65b0\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237\u548c\u7533\u8bf7\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u548c\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8054\u90a6\u798f\u5229\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u6210\u4e3a\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4ece1986\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7236\u6bcd\u60f3\u8981\u6709\u53d7\u629a\u517b\u4eba\u7684\u514d\u7a0e\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u5176\u629a\u517b\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u4e5f\u5217\u5728\u7a0e\u8868\u91cc\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u6b3a\u8bc8\u884c\u52a8\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4e03\u767e\u4e07\u7684\u53d7\u629a\u517b\u4eba\u6570[14]\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u7535\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u94fe\u63a5\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e86\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u9020\u6210\u8bef\u7528\u6216\u8005\u6ee5\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8eab\u4efd\u76d7\u7528[15]\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u6ca1\u6709\u6548\u9a8c\u7801\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u8a8d\u8bc1\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u201c\u5f02\u5e38\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u201d[16]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8106\u5f31\u594c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u52a0\u5c0f\u5fc3\u8c28\u614e\u548c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u30021943\u5e74\u8981\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u7684\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u57282008\u5e74\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u800c\u975e\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_788\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-788\" style=\"width: 233px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/RICChinese-233x3001.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-788\" src=\"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/RICChinese-233x3001-233x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c45\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\" width=\"233\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-788\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c45\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u665a\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u3002\u57281999\u5e747\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u53f7\u7801\u753115\u4f4d\u63d0\u5347\u4e3a18\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u51fa\u751f\u5e74\u4efd\u7531\u4e24\u4f4d\u53d8\u4e3a\u56db\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u589e\u52a0\u6548\u9a8c\u7801\u300218\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u53f7\u7531\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210[17,18]:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ZH-CN\"><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5730\u533a\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u516d\u4f4d\uff09\u2014 \u4e2a\u4eba\u4f4f\u5740\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7f16\u53f7<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u751f\u65e5\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u516b\u4f4d\uff09\u2014 \u6309\u751f\u65e5\u7684\u5e74\u6708\u65e5\u987a\u5e8f\u7ec4\u6210<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7cfb\u5217\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u4e09\u4f4d\uff09\u2014 \u5176\u4e2d\u5947\u6570\u4ee3\u8868\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u5076\u6570\u4ee3\u8868\u5973\u6027<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u6548\u9a8c\u7801\uff08\u4e00\u4f4d\uff09\u2014 \u4f7f\u7528ISO 7064\u6807\u5fd7\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u524d\u976217\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230[18,19]<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5c45\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u7531\u5c45\u6c11\u5e38\u4f4f\u6237\u53e3\u6240\u5728\u5730\u7684\u53bf\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u5b89\u673a\u5173\u57fa\u4e8e\u672a\u6ee116\u5c81\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u7b7e\u53d1\u3002\u5c45\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u751f\u65e5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5c45\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u6709\u6548\u671f\u957f\u81f3\u6c38\u4e45\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u77ed\u81f3\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5c45\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u53f7\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7535\u5b50\u5065\u5eb7\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u4fe1\u606f[20]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5206\u7c7b\u7801<\/span><\/strong><\/h4><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u50f1\u4e3b\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u76f8\u5f53\u65bc\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u53f7[21]\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5dde\u548c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u65e0\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4ea6\u5305\u62ec\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u5176\u96c7\u5458\u7f34\u7eb3\u7a0e\u6b3e\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u50f1\u4e3b\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u662f\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a0e\u52a1\u5c40\u8d1f\u8d23\u6307\u6d3e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e5d\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662fGG-NNNNNNN\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dGG\u57282001\u5e74\u524d\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u5728\u5730\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u4e03\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u522b\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u50f1\u4e3b\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a0e\u52a1\u5c40\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5dde\u4ea6\u5404\u6709\u81ea\u5df2\u7684\u50f1\u4e3b\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u7528\u4e8e\u7a0e\u52a1\u6536\u7f34\u548c\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u3002 <\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u50f1\u4e3b\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u6536\u96c6:\u6b63\u5f0f\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u6cd5\u4eba\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u90ae\u653f\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5546\u4e1a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u5e74\u5ea6\uff0c\u672a\u676512\u4e2a\u6708\u5458\u5de5\u6570\u76ee\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u5de5\u8d44\u53d1\u653e\u65e5\u671f\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u53f8\u4e3b\u8425\u4e1a\u52a1[22]\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u4f7f\u7528\u5317\u7f8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5206\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u79f0NAICS\uff09\u6765\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u8425\u4e1a\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u80fd\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d1\u5e03\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f[23]\u3002\u57281997\u5e74\uff0cNAICS\u7ee7\u627f\u53d6\u4ee3\u5de5\u4e1a\u6807\u51c6\u5206\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf(SIC)\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">NAICS\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u5206\u7c7b\u4ee3\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u67092\u52306\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u76842\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u4ee3\u8868\u4e3b\u8981\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a2\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u76843\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u5b50\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u53c8\u5305\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u52174\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u96c6\u56e2\u3002\u4f8b\u598231\u523033\u662f\u8868\u793a\u751f\u4ea7\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u800c\u78be\u7c73\u5de5\u4e1a\u5728\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">311 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u98df\u54c1\u52a0\u5de5\u5236\u9020\u4e1a<\/span><br \/> 3112 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7cae\u98df\u548c\u6cb9\u83dc\u7c7d\u52a0\u5de5\u4e1a<\/span><br \/> 31121 \u00a0\u00a0<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u9762\u7c89\u548c\u9ea6\u82bd\u751f\u4ea7\u4e1a<\/span><br \/> 311212 <span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u78be\u7c73\u4e1a<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5c42\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u52bf\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u5f53\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u94fe\u5f0f\u805a\u96c6\u4ea7\u4e1a\u603b\u503c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a311x\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u603b\u548c\u5c31\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a311\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u52a0\u5de5\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u6301\u7eed\u7528NAICS\u4ee3\u7801\u51d6\u786e\u5730\u628a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5206\u7c7b\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u5feb\u901f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u591c\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u4f1a\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u201d\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u4f01\u4e1a\u201d\u53ca\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u201c\u7eff\u8272\u201d\u884c\u4e1a\u5c31\u662f\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f7f\u7528NAICS\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u7740\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u5c40\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u7edf\u8ba1\u5c40\u5c31\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u548cNAICS\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ee4\u5230\u5404\u81ea\u521b\u7acb\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6846\u67b6\u6709\u7570[10]\u3002\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u4f7f\u7528NAICS\u4ee3\u7801\u7834\u574f\u751a\u81f3\u9020\u6210\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u7eb5\u5411\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u65e0\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u4f01\u4e1a\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u5f53\u5730\u8d28\u91cf\u76d1\u7763\u5c40\u7533\u8bf79\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u75318\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u6216\u5927\u5199\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u672c\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u548c1\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u6216\u5927\u5199\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u6548\u9a8c\u7801\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u501f\u9274\u539fISO6523\u300a\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u6807\u8bc6\u6cd5\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff08\u73b0ISO6523\u300a\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u6807\u8bc6\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff09\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u636eGB 11714\u20141997\u300a\u5168\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u5236\u89c4\u5219\u300b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u7f16\u5236\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u6807\u8bc6\u7801[25]\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u4e0a\u4fe1\u606f\u6838\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u67e5\u8be2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4fe1\u606f[26]\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u56fd\u5185\u53ca\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u5341\u5206\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u900f\u8fc7\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece1998\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u7eb5\u5411\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u56fd\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u548c\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\uff082010&gt;\u5e74\u524d\u9500\u552e\u989d\u5728500\u4e07\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53ca2010\u5e74\u540e\u9500\u552e\u989d\u57282000\u4e07\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u6709\u6240\u62a5\u5bfc\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u8981\u6570\u636e\u9519\u8bef\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u548c\u4e0d\u8fde\u8d2f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8bc6\u522b\u7801[27]\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ece1989\u5e74\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728[28]\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5c31\u5728\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd0\u7528\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e73\u53f0\u63a8\u52a8\u53cd\u8150\u8d25[29]\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u636eGS-T4754-2002\u6587\u4ef6\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5de5\u4e1a\u5206\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf[30]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u56db\u7c7b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5206\u522b\u67092\u4f4d\uff0c3\u4f4d\uff0c4\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u4ee3\u7801\u8868\u793a\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u7ea7\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u7684\u78be\u7c73\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c42\u7ea7:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">C \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5236\u9020\u4e1a<\/span><br \/> C13\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u519c\u526f\u98df\u54c1\u52a0\u5de5\u4e1a<\/span><br \/> C131\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u8c37\u7269\u78e8\u5236<\/span><br \/> C1312 \u00a0 <span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5927\u7c73\u52a0\u5de5\u4f01\u4e1a<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/strong><\/h4><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u8f49\u53d8\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5c06\u66f4\u4f4e\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5c06\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u5927\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7a7a\u524d\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u6574\u5408\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5c06\u4f1a\u66b4\u6da8\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u73b0\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6570\u636e\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de8\u5927\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u80fd\u89e3\u653e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5931\u7075\uff0c\u8bef\u7528\u548c\u6ee5\u7528\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6b3a\u9a97\u548c\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7f6a\u9b41\u7978\u9996\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u73b0\u5b9e\u4f7f\u7528\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f\u591a\u6837\u590d\u6742\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u79d1\u6280\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u56de\u9988\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u53c3\u4e0e\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u6548\u8d1f\u8d23\u4f7f\u7528\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u3002\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u80e1\u5584\u5e86\u535a\u58eb<\/span>, <a href=\"mailto:Jeremy.s.wu@gmail.com\">Jeremy.s.wu@gmail.com<\/a>;\u00a0<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4e01\u6d69<\/span>, <a href=\"mailto:edwarddh101@gmail.com\">edwarddh101@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/h4><p>[1] 360doc.com.\u00a0 Quantitative Ranking of Chinese Family Names (<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4e2d\u570b\u59d3\u6c0f\u4eba\u53e3\u6578<\/span><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u91cf<\/span>),November 25, 2012. \u00a0Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.360doc.com\/content\/12\/1125\/17\/6264479_250155720.shtml\">http:\/\/www.360doc.com\/content\/12\/1125\/17\/6264479_250155720.shtml<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[2] Wikipedia.\u00a0 Robert.\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[3] U.S. Social Security Administration.\u00a0 Change in Name Popularity.\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/OACT\/babynames\/rankchange.html\">http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/OACT\/babynames\/rankchange.html<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[4] U.S. Social Security Administration.\u00a0 Fifty Years of Operations in the Social Security Administration, by Michael A. Cronin, June 1985.\u00a0 Social Security Bulletin, Volume 48, Number 6.\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/history\/cronin.html\">http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/history\/\/\/cronin.html<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[5] U.S. Social Security Administration.\u00a0 The Story of the Social Security Number, by Carolyn Puckett, 2009.\u00a0 Social Security Bulletin, Volume 69, Number 2.\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/policy\/docs\/ssb\/v69n2\/v69n2p55.html\">http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/policy\/docs\/ssb\/v69n2\/v69n2p55.html<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[6] Wikipedia. \u00a0Metadata.\u00a0Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metadata\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metadata<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[7] Wikipedia. <span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5143\u6570\u636e<\/span>. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%83%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE\">http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%83%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[8] Wikipedia. \u00a0Check Digit. \u00a0Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Check_digit\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Check_digit<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[9] Wikipedia. <span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u6548\u9a8c\u7801<\/span>. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C%E7%A0%81\">http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C%E7%A0%81<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[10] Wu, Jeremy S. 21st Century Statistical Systems, August 1, 2012.\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/21st-century-statistical-systems\/\">https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/21st-century-statistical-systems\/<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[11] Data Quality Campaign. \u00a010 Essential Elements of a State Longitudinal Data System. \u00a0Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dataqualitycampaign.org\/build\/elements\/1\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.dataqualitycampaign.org\/build\/elements\/1<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[12] U.S. Social Security Administration.\u00a0 Application for a Social Security Card, Form SS-5.\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/online\/ss-5.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/online\/ss-5.pdf<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[13] U.S. Social Security Administration.\u00a0 Social Security Cards Issued by Woolworth.\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.socialsecurity.gov\/history\/ssn\/misused.html\">http:\/\/www.socialsecurity.gov\/history\/ssn\/misused.html<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[14] Wikipedia.\u00a0 Social Security Number.\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_Security_number\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_Security_number<\/a>, on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[15] President\u2019s Identity Theft Task Force. 2007. Combating Identity Theft: A Strategic Plan. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.idtheft.gov\/reports\/StrategicPlan.pdf\">http:\/\/www.idtheft.gov\/reports\/StrategicPlan.pdf<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[16] Timmer, John.\u00a0 New Algorithm Guesses SSNs Using Data and Place of Birth, July 6, 2009. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2009\/07\/social-insecurity-numbers-open-to-hacking\/\">http:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2009\/07\/social-insecurity-numbers-open-to-hacking\/<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[17] baidu.com.\u00a0 GB11643-1999 Citizen Identity Number <span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u53f7\u7801<\/span>.\u00a0 Available at\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/wenku.baidu.com\/view\/4f19376348d7c1c708a14587.html\">http:\/\/wenku.baidu.com\/view\/4f19376348d7c1c708a14587.html<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[18] Wikipedia.\u00a0 Resident Identity Card.\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Resident_Identity_Card_%28PRC%29\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Resident_Identity_Card_%28PRC%29<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[19] Wikipedia.\u00a0 ISO 7064.\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISO_7064:1983\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISO_7064:1983<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[20] baidu.com.\u00a0 Electronic Health Record <span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7535\u5b50\u5065\u5eb7\u6863\u6848<\/span>. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/wenku.baidu.com\/view\/348d5a18a300a6c30c229fec.html\">http:\/\/wenku.baidu.com\/view\/348d5a18a300a6c30c229fec.html<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[21] Wikipedia.\u00a0 Employer Identification Number.\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Employer_identification_number\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Employer_identification_number<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[22] U.S. Internal Revenue Service.\u00a0 Form SS-4: Application for Employer Identification Number.\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-pdf\/fss4.pdf\">http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-pdf\/fss4.pdf<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[23] U.S. Census Bureau.\u00a0 North American Industry Classification System.\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.census.gov\/eos\/www\/naics\/index.html\">http:\/\/www.census.gov\/eos\/www\/naics\/index.html<\/a> on April 29, 2013<\/p><p>[24] National Administration for Code Allocation to Organizations.\u00a0 Introduction to Organizational Codes, <span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u7b80\u4ecb<\/span>. \u00a0Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nacao.org.cn\/publish\/main\/65\/index.html\">http:\/\/www.nacao.org.cn\/publish\/main\/65\/index.html<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[25] Wikipedia.\u00a0 ISO\/IEC 6523.\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISO_6523\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISO_6523<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[26] National Administration for Code Allocation to Organizations.\u00a0 National Organization Code Information Retrieval System, <span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5168\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4fe1\u606f\u6838\u67e5\u7cfb<\/span><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7edf<\/span>. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nacao.org.cn\/\">http:\/\/www.nacao.org.cn\/<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[27] Nie, Huihua; Jiang, Ting; and Yang, Rudai.\u00a0 A Review and Reflection on the Use and Abuse of Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database.\u00a0 World Economics, Volume 5, 2012.\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.niehuihua.com\/UploadFile\/ea_201251019517.pdf\">http:\/\/www.niehuihua.com\/UploadFile\/ea_201251019517.pdf<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[28] National Administration for Code Allocation to Organizations.\u00a0 Historical Development of National Organization Codes, <span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5168\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u72ae\u5c55\u5386<\/span><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7a0b<\/span>. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nacao.org.cn\/publish\/main\/236\/index.html\">http:\/\/www.nacao.org.cn\/publish\/main\/236\/index.html<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[29] National Administration for Code Allocation to Organizations.\u00a0 Guangdong Aggressively Promotes the Use of identification Codes in its Campaign against Corruption, <span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5e7f\u4e1c\u79ef\u6781\u53d1\u6325\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u53cd\u8150\u5021\u5ec9\u4e2d\u7684\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>, March 7, 2013. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nacao.org.cn\/publish\/main\/13\/2013\/20130307150216299954995\/20130307150216299954995_.html\">http:\/\/www.nacao.org.cn\/publish\/main\/13\/2013\/20130307150216299954995\/20130307150216299954995_.html<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p><p>[30] baidu.com.\u00a0 National Economic Industry Classification, GB-t4754-2002, <span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e1a\u5206\u7c7b<\/span>(GB-T4754-2002)(<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u603b\u8868<\/span>).\u00a0 Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/wenku.baidu.com\/view\/69f04af8c8d376eeaeaa31cf.html\">http:\/\/wenku.baidu.com\/view\/69f04af8c8d376eeaeaa31cf.html<\/a> on April 29, 2013.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587\u7248: \u300a\u6d77\u5916\u5b66\u4eba\u300b2013\u5e74 &#8211; \u5927\u6570\u636e\u4e13\u520a\u00a0 \u00a0This blog is a simplified Chinese translation of my blog on The Essentials of Identification Codes. Published version in Chinese Association for Science and Techonology special [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":418,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,28,38],"tags":[30,31,29],"class_list":["post-389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-statistics-2-0","category-28","category-38","tag-30","tag-31","tag-29"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=389"}],"version-history":[{"count":37,"href":"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":790,"href":"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/389\/revisions\/790"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/418"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=389"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jeremy-wu.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}